What Is Needed to Install Wind Turbines for Power Generation at Home Free Essay Example, 4250 words

Before starting the marketing process, an organization needs to analyze the internal, micro and macro environments of its business. The macro environment consists of four main factors, namely, Political, Economical, Social and Technological. PEST stands for these. It is sometimes referred to as STEP analysis also. Business leaders use PEST Analysis for decision making and to assess marketing and business development. (Pest Analysis: What is Pest Analysis. 2009). The concept of PEST has now been extended to PESTEL or PESTLE analysis by adding two more parameters namely the legal and environmental factors. The PESTLE analysis is a more in-depth analysis of your company than the standard PEST analysis. PESTLE not only evaluates the Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors affecting the success of your business, but also the Legal and Environmental factors. It is a crucial test for understanding the environment surrounding your business and managing it to your advantage. - Political: Political factors are mostly government policies and other legal issues such as tax policy, employment regulations, environmental laws, trade restrictions, tariffs, political permanence of various governments of the country etc. - Economical: These are often closely related to political factors. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Needed to Install Wind Turbines for Power Generation at Home or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page It includes intellectual property issues, competing for technology development, the maturity of the technology, consumer buying mechanisms, patents and licensing, replacement technology, information, and communication etc. Research funding also falls into this.

Physical Needs For The Elderly - 1569 Words

As people age they develop many special needs related to the later period of life. Many elderly people have specific physical needs where adaptations to their home are necessary or where they need specific equipment for self care. Old age also brings new emotional challenges for the elderly person when the family can be useful in helping to meet the persons mental health needs. Senior citizens experience needs in their social life; they also experience the need for activities with other seniors. Health needs also negatively affect the elderly and cause multiple physical problems. Every elderly person experiences needs that are related to each of these areas. There are many physical needs for the elderly that have to be taken care of.†¦show more content†¦Some cannot afford this because it is very expensive and some might not even have that kind of money to pay for a home care. Elderly people that cannot afford home care have to rely on the help from family members. Most need help from a caregiver because they cannot take care of themselves. Vision is also a problem for many elderly people. Frequently, they need help getting to places so giving directions is a good way to lead them. Elderly people tend to forget how to do basic things. Walking and going to the bathroom is one of the biggest problems because they are unable to accomplish it independently. Elderly people have assist rails to go to bathrooms and also to get in and out of their bed. Dressing is also a problem because some forget how to dress themselves or are physically unable to dress themselves. They require aid from another person. Those who have difficulty breathing have concentrators in either their house or room if they are in a assisted living home. Oxygen tanks are more useful when an elderly person goes on an outing. Besides experiencing physical needs elderly people also become very emotional. As an elderly person he or she has emotional needs that should not be ignored. 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Human Resource Outsourcing in India free essay sample

This article attempts to discuss HRO in Indian context and the possible future of HRO in the Indian business scenario. Certain preparatory actions are also prescribed to effectively used HRO as a strategic business tool. HRO – HRM Architecture: Today, as we have moved into service – economy, dealing with knowledge and knowledge workers is very important as human capital has become a critical success factor for organizations. HRM is seen as a distinct identity, separate from Administration and Facilities section of the establishment. This can be clearly seen from the importance being given to HRM Architecture. In addition to the traditional roles for HR, over the years, in the IT and ITes sectors, distinct roles have emerged such as corporate HR, business HR, generalist HR, techno – functional HR, etc. The job holders in these roles are expected to give different â€Å"deliverables† as related to their functional aspects. It is pertinent to note that a 1998 survey by center for effective organization at university of southern California’s Marshal School of business shown that 79% of HRM managers describe themselves as â€Å"business partners† and 53% of line managers agreed that HR managers are now performing the roles of business partners. Thus, today HRM is getting well embodied into business functions such as marketing, finance or operations. This can be, in a way, considered as a starting point of HRO, because, from this, emerges the need for HR function to work smart for business results – whether by doing functions and activities all on their own, or by getting some of them done through outsourcing. Additionally, it also puts pressure on HR function to find â€Å"partners† who can â€Å"take over† specific transactions and processes at a lower cost. In this way, HR will get focused on â€Å"tangible† results (which was one of the complains against HR in the past). Thus, to some extent, it will help free up time for core-HR activities that result in improvements which positively influence the bottom line. A word of caution though that it may not â€Å"free up† time, and should not free up too much time. After all, HR is essentially a personal touch button of the organization and too much outsourcing might result in lack of personal touch and decreased human interaction which may frustrate the employees. HRO Evolution: HRO is always an evolutionary exercise for the organization. Initially, companies are reluctant to outsource, they prefer to do every act in the own backyard. As the organization grows in terms of its life cycle, slowly, â€Å"experimentation† phase will begin when they start outsourcing certain simple transactions or processes. Sometimes, they may even take a parallel run with the vendor. When the experience is positive and as they make progress, companies may make decisions to penetrate further into the HRO space. According to Everest Research institute’s annual HRO study, the most commonly outsourced HR functions include: †¢Pay roll †¢Benefits †¢Employee data management †¢Info systems †¢Contact centers. As the companies find that there are substantial benefits from outsourcing, they feel attracted to go in for deeper penetration. Thus, it is possible to categorize companies adopting different levels of HRO in their organization. (See Table 1) Table 1 LevelActivities OutsourcedType of HROBenefits 1Admin services, pay – roll, pension, PF mgt. , etc, temporary staffingTransactionCost efficiency 2L1 + training, new employee induction and executive searchProcess†¢Standardization †¢Cost †¢Replication of good practices 3L1 + L2 + campus hiring, online assessments, HR audits, employee surveys etc. Function†¢Quality †¢Cost, benchmarking etc. HRO in Indian Business The debate on HRO in India still hovers around the following questions: ‘Has HRO really arrived in India? ’ ‘Are we missing the HR outsourcing bus? ’ ‘Should companies outsource their HR functions? ’ We also seem to be aware that â€Å"The New Mantra is HR Outsourcing† In this maze of debates and arguments, some facts need to be cleared. â€Å"HR outsourcing in India has not seen the required momentum and is limited to trickle effect, with companies outsourcing a few selected, low end HR processes† – Says Anil Mahajan in an interview for an article on HRM. In India, most common outsource processes are related to training, pay – roll processing, benchmarks studies and legal compliance. Some HR consultants feel that in Indian HRO scene, quality is an issue. It is reported that some MNC’s wanted to outsource end to end HR solutions, but could find a suitable vendor and hence decided to set up its own outsourcing centre. While many experts in the field believe that there is a good scope for HRO in India, it is a fact that our present share in the global market of US $ 80 bn. is only a minuscule. Estimates show that size of HR outsourcing in India is about US $ 2. 5 – 3. 5 bn. But another study shows flat markets in HRO world wide between 2005 – 2007 but 2008 promises to be different! In the flat world of today, as India becomes more and more global in business and economy it will be a compelling need for companies to resort to outsourcing in the interest of survival and growth. Thus, even though, as of now, HRO in India has not caught up sufficiently time is right for making rapid strides to catch up and make best use of the opportunities presented by the wave of HR outsourcing. HRO as Double – edged Weapon: In India, we are fortunate to have the double advantage of HRO as we all know, HRO operates in an environment where there are abundant takers and abundant givers. HRO activities have two edges one as the service provider and another as a client who is outsourcing the process / transaction. At present many Indian companies are acting as service providers as a natural step, India with its vast millions of English speaking, trainable youth who are willing to learn and serve clients as and idle platform to take on the HRO wave. Thus, India may finally become the outsourcing centre for HR services. The growth in the HRO itself may trigger further developments. Any HRO companies may, in turn, begin to outsource some of their process to another service provider. Thus, a virtuous HRO business cycle may get activated. After all, â€Å"We Are All in Services Now† (Prof. James Teboul). According to him, the process, people and credibility are 3 key elements in the making of value proposition. People interaction may place a sort of limitation on HRO spreading without a human face! The basic tenet of HR philosophy should be that HRO must be implemented with utmost regard to â€Å"Human face† of activities being outsourced. This is because of the uniqueness of the HR issues. There cannot be a straightjacket solution for all human issues hence human interaction element needs to be always kept in mind and given a priority. We need to get over certain drawbacks as a community of employers in order to benefit from the HRO wave. If we have to shape up, good future we need to know aht we should to and what we should not so that our progress is never stalled. Hence, it is necessary to appreciate the barriers identified for the spread of HRO in our country. The following are some of the barriers identified in literature on the subject: †¢Cultural shift and top management thinking †¢Confidentiality and cost factors †¢Lack of awareness on cost-to-benefit equation of HRO †¢Quality of end results. A word or two about each of these barriers will clear the aspect. Cultural shift requires us to trust and be trusted. The two parties’ involved, namely service provider and client, need to trust each other not only about confidentiality but also about the capability to delay it. Many employers and top management feel that it is better to have own HR persons dealing with all the issues instead of outsourcing. Reasons may be many for such outlook, but there is a need to change in order to think professionally and ethically. If we can trust an advocate or a doctor or the tax consultant, why not HR service provider? Confidentiality and cost factors relate to the ability of HR service provider to handle information professionally and confidentially. Ethics both personal and corporate – play a great role. If we think proper work ethics can be created through good leadership, we need to develop and nurture such leaders appropriately. Lack of awareness among persons about cost / benefit equation needs to be overcome by education right from the top level to look at HRO as a hard core business option and to quantify the benefits correctly. Lastly, quality issues need to be addressed again through building a quality culture by following the total quality management (TQM) practices. Internal and external customer orientation among all and education and training for all on TQ practices and bring about improvement in quality. The Indian experience of TQM is quite satisfactory in this regard and there is a bright chance of success for improving the quality aspects of HRO. Preparatory Activities: While is it necessary to be clear about changes that we need to make on an individual or a company basis, it is equally important to focus on the preparations needed by us a community of service economy. For any service economy to grow, especially in the network era of today, there is a need for adequate preparation so that ultimately, the environment of business responds favorably to the needs of the market. In this regard, certain preparatory activities have to be undertaken immediately. The various activities for this purpose can be broadly classified as: †¢Infrastructural †¢Educational †¢Business/ operational †¢Social Under each of these, there are various elements that have to be taken under consideration. The following matrix will show these points clearly. As most of these items are self explanatory in nature, a detailed description of individual items is not done in this article. However, it has to be emphasized that these sub elements are very important contributions to the climate of HRO in a microeconomic sense. The elements given in the matrix are only illustrative and are not exhaustive. Preparatory activities needed for HRO Infrastructural / Technical †¢Telecommunications and network accessibility †¢Roads †¢TransportEducational – Training Related †¢Curriculum in colleges †¢HRO training centers †¢E Learning transactions / process Counseling centers Business Related †¢Performance parameters †¢Quality measures †¢Feedback †¢Relationships / Cultural sensitivitySocial †¢Quality of the work – Life balance †¢Stress management †¢Time management †¢Security at workplace Conclusion: In conclusion, it may be said that HRO is going to slowly but steadily beco me a part of business strategy. HR professionals will drive the initiatives of HRO, of course with support from top management. The time is now ripe for HRO to succeed in view of HRM being seen and treated as an important element of business resources in the service economy of today. Certain new roles have emerged which confirm this position. Though the Indian share of the revenue pie today is very small, there is a very good possibility of our riding high on the HRO wave that is round the corner. As a community, it is necessary to identify barriers and identify the changes or adjustments we need to make as individuals and companies. As HRO operates as a subset of BPO and overall business environment, certain preparatory steps need to be taken as a community in general. With all this, it is possible to ride high on HRO wave in the next few years.

United States Postal Service Synthesis Paper Essay Sample free essay sample

If I were the current Chief executive officer for the United States Postal Service. I would be soberly concerned about the hereafter of my concern. as it has late taken a steep plumb bob from its success and popularity in the 19th and twentieth centuries. The USPS is now faced with the determination to restitute itself due to the utmost loss of concern as engineering takes over the twenty-first Century. Some say that the USPS should be wholly reconstructed because the concern is merely headed farther downhill. while others say that paper mail is still really practical. more so than electronic mail. and we must each compose more letters to make our portion in resuscitating the concern to profitableness once more. Because the USPS has been such a critical portion of our state through its part to communicating and employment. the organisation needs to remain afloat by cutting back on bringing yearss. We will write a custom essay sample on United States Postal Service Synthesis Paper Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page strategically rebranching throughout the state. and recapturing the importance of itself through advertisement. in order to accommodate to the new technology-based epoch. The uninterrupted loss of gross for the USPS can be alleviated by merely extinguishing two or three mail bringing yearss every hebdomad. The concern sunk like the Titanic merely three old ages ago. when â€Å"the Postal Service experienced a 13 per centum bead in mail volume†¦ more than double any old worsening and lost $ 3. 8 billion† ( Source C ) . Unfortunately. the job is merely predicted to deteriorate with even â€Å"steeper beads in mail volume and revenue† expected in the following decennary ( Source C ) . Some experts disagree. and argue that increasing service is the reply. Selling professor Richard Honack advises. â€Å"don’t bead from six- to five-day bringing ; travel the other way† ( Source A ) . On the other manus. Source F argues that â€Å"eliminating Saturday mail bringing would salvage $ 40 billion over a decennary. † whereas Honack states no warrants in money addition or nest eggs. Having mail delivered four or five yearss a hebdomad is a necessary solution for the USPS. in a clip where gross loss continues to worsen. The USPS must cut down on employment and bringing costs by re-evaluating its location scheme and rebranching. Particularly in urban metropoliss bombinating with the latest engineering. many would hold that. â€Å"you don’t necessitate a full-service station office every few blocks in New York. for example† ( Source A ) . In add-on. I spend every summer with my pa in Chicago. and because there is a USPS station office right around the corner of our flat edifice. I have noticed from go throughing it every twenty-four hours that it is the one shop on State Street that is empty 90 per centum of the clip. In my experience. Postmaster General John Potter is right in desiring to â€Å"close and consolidate 154 station offices† . significantly cut downing runing costs and employment. Strategy is cardinal ; by closing down the offices with the lowest production and necessity. USPS will no longer be uselessly passing money. Another point the USPS should take into considera tion when restructuring. is that it is excessively easy for most Americans nowadays to bury the significance of a manus written missive or card. when we can pass on within seconds through engineering. Come to believe of it. I remember running to the letter box in exhilaration every November to roll up a particular. tap birthday card from my grandmother with her mussy longhand scrawled across the envelope. Now. my â€Å"special† birthday wants are in a 30 2nd voice mail she leaves from her cell phone every twelvemonth. The USPS must remind us of the important difference it can do in communicating by recapturing its emotional importance through advertisement. Though the USPS has been around for over 200 old ages. â€Å"no one knows what the Postal Service stands for† ( Source A ) . Making a new motto that emotionally connects to today’s universe of digital indigens. and represents the intent of USPS. will promote consumers to back up the company. Futurist Watts Wacker agrees. â€Å"A company’s trade name is its most valuable tool or its biggest liability† . and with a new logo and motto. America will be reminded that â€Å"an antique. manus written missive has value in this speed-obsessed world† ( Source F ) . The USPS must take advantage of how engineering has transformed America. and entreaty to the bosom alternatively of the clock or billfold. Despite the dramatic ruin USPS has taken as the twenty-first Century makes its manner hand-in-hand with engineering. the company can still continue itself if it cuts back on service and use the right location and selling schemes. The USPS offers many advantages for the mean client. as it is cheaper than its rivals. provides 100s of 1000s of occupations across the state. and allows communicating for those who may non hold entree to the cyberspace or other engineering. The USPS must retrace itself to run into the demands of today’s society. It has ever been a important portion of our state in the yesteryear. and it still can be for old ages to come.

Legal and Ethical Basis for Confidentiality of Health Information Essays

Legal and Ethical Basis for Confidentiality of Health Information Essays Legal and Ethical Basis for Confidentiality of Health Information Paper Legal and Ethical Basis for Confidentiality of Health Information Paper If a motion to quash has been filed, which of the following is most likely to be true? A. The patient has signed an authorization for release. B. Medical records have been subpoenaed. C. A malpractice suit has been filed. D. A breach of confidentiality has occurred. 2. If a case involves private law, which of the following is most likely to be the subject matter of the case? A. Tort B. Substantive criminal C. Criminal procedure D. Constitutional law 27 925 Oak Street Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515-0001 Lesson 1 Health Information and Litigation When you feel confident that you have mastered the material in Lesson 1, complete the following examination. Then submit only your answers to the school for grading, using one of the examination answer options described in your â€Å"Test Materials† envelope. Send your answers for this examination as soon as you complete it. Do not wait until another examination is ready. Questions 1–20: Select the one best answer to each question. EXAMINATION NUMBER: 40982100 Whichever method you use in submitting your exam answers to the school, you must use the number above. For the quickest test results, go to ttp://www. takeexamsonline. com Examination 3. If the result in a case is that the defendant has to go to jail for a year, which of the following is most likely true? A. It was a malpractice case. C. It was a misdemeanor case. B. It was a contract case. D. It was a felony case. 4. Bob says that his claim is based on the fundamental law of the nation. Most likely, Bob is relyin g upon what source of law? A. Constitution C. Regulation B. Statute D. Common law 5. Carl files suit in federal court. Which of the following would be sufficient to give that court subject matter jurisdiction? A. The claim involves more than $75,000. B. The claim involves more than $25,000. C. Carl and the defendant reside in the same federal district. D. The claim involves a federal statute. 6. Default judgment is entered in favor of Carl. Which of the following must necessarily be true A. The defendant’s position was weak. B. Carl’s case was strong. C. The court determined that the defendant was at fault. D. The defendant failed to file an answer within the required time. 7. Judgment has been entered against Sally in the Eastern District Court of Kentucky. Which of the following necessarily must be true for the judgment to be valid against her personally? A. She was a resident of Kentucky. B. The court had subject matter jurisdiction and she was a resident of Kentucky. C. The court had personal jurisdiction over Sally and subject matter jurisdiction. D. Sally resides in the Eastern District of Kentucky. 8. Martha the medical assistant is legally compelled to give testimony in a under oath in a malpractice lawsuit. Which of the following is necessarily true? A. Her immediate supervisor insisted that she do so. B. She received a subpoena duces tecum. C. She received a subpoena ad testificandum. D. She is the key witness in the case. 28 Examination, Lesson 1 9. Martha the medical assistant testifies in the malpractice case that the defendant, Dr. Jones, admitted he had committed malpractice on Mrs. Smith. This testimony likely would be excluded on what grounds? A. Physician-patient privilege C. Irrelevance B. Hearsay D. Martha not being a physician 10. If a party wants to avoid the time and expense of proving matters that aren’t really in dispute, which discovery tool would best achieve that end? A. Interrogatories C. Request to produce documents B. Depositions D. Requests for admissions 11. Which of the following is true regarding jury trials? A. The judge has no role. B. Parties may request a jury trial for any type of case. C. The judge and jury both have a role. D. The jury decides whether evidence should be admitted. 12. Which discovery tool would be especially appropriate to use against a plaintiff claiming physical injuries that the defendant believes are being faked? A. Request for physical examination C. Request for admission B. Deposition D. Interrogatories 13. Which of the following is characteristic of mediation? A. The court controls. B. The parties remain in control. C. A decision is imposed. D. The mediator decides who is right. 14. Bob obtains a judgment against Ned and knows Ned earns a good salary at Widget, Inc. Bob should A. ask the court to order Widget, Inc. to fire Ned if he doesn’t pay. B. obtain an order of garnishment. C. obtain a writ of execution. D. serve Ned with a request to admit he owes the judgment. 15. A pretrial conference most likely would occur A. before the complaint is filed. B. during an appeal. C. before discovery begins but after the complaint is filed. D. after discovery. Examination, Lesson 1 29 16. If a show cause order is issued, which of the following is most likely the case? A. Someone failed to respond to a subpoena. B. The plaintiff’s case is weak. C. The complaint failed to show a cause of action. D. A party tried to obtain records without a subpoena. 17. An order setting a trial date is more likely to be entered A. when the complaint is filed. C. at a deposition. B. at a pretrial conference. D. at a show cause hearing. 18. If a health information manager discloses health-care information otherwise prohibited by statute or regulation, the health-care provider could be liable for breach of confidentiality Unless A. it was pursuant to a subpoena. B. the health-care provider consented to the release. C. the health-care provider wasn’t told about the release by the health information manager. D. it was pursuant to a valid court order. 19. Hannah, a health-care information manager, receives a subpoena the legality of which she questions. She should A. ignore it. B. seek advice of counsel. C. comply with it unless the patient takes action to stop her. D. make her best guess about whether or not it’s legal and either comply or ignore it. 20. Which one of the following is true? A. All subpoenas are valid to authorize release of medical records. B. All patient authorizations to release medical records are sufficient to authorize release. C. Some jurisdictions require both a subpoena and a release from the patient to authorize release of records. D. All jurisdictions require both a subpoena and a release from the patient to authorize release of records.

Too Far Ahead of the IT Curve

Too Far Ahead of the IT Curve The management of Peachtree Healthcare has to determine to what extent their technologies should be standardized. They can choose a monolithic information system that will be implemented in each hospital and clinic that is currently run by Peachtree Healthcare. Yet, they can also adopt a Service-Oriented Architecture that will enable this organization to conduct a selective standardization of their technologies and major practices. In both cases, the company will have to spend a significant amount of money, but the success of this investment cannot be fully ensured. Thus, the management will need to determine which model best suits the needs of the organization. This is the main question that is going to be discussed.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Too Far Ahead of the IT Curve specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the approaches that this organization can take is complete standardization of technologies and practices. This strategy can give several benefits, for example, cost savings and better time-efficiency. Therefore, they can choose a monolithic information system which is a single set of technologies and applications that will be installed in every clinic or hospital of Peachtree Healthcare. The main advantage of this strategy is that technologies and practices will be consistent throughout the organization. Yet, one should take into account several structural factors. Peachtree Healthcare includes trauma centers, community hospitals, teaching clinics, or rehabilitation centers. Thus, it may be difficult to develop a single information system that can fit the needs of these medical institutions. Furthermore, as it has been noted in the case study, many procedures cannot be effectively standardized. For instance, pharmacy record keeping can be based on the best practices. Yet, one cannot say the same thing about the protocol for treating different forms of cancer. This is one of t he reasons why complete standardization is not always possible. Apart from that, physicians should be able to care about the wellbeing of the patient without being limited by standards or restrictions imposed from outside. Furthermore, the adoption of a monolith information system will necessitate the redesign of many business processes, and extra training of the staff. Apart from that, the complete redesign of the existing IT infrastructure may not be efficient.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The thing is that some of their current technologies can function quite effectively and there is no need to remove them. Finally, the management of Peachtree Healthcare should not forget that the adoption of a monolithic system will make this organization less responsive to change. For example, hospitals can adopt business models or medical practices when they are given some degree of autonomy. Complete standardization can deprive them of this autonomy. These are the main drawbacks and benefits of this approach. Another strategy that this organization can choose is to implement a Service-Oriented Architecture. The main benefit of these technologies is that they allow a greater degree of flexibility. In particular, some physicians have various note-filling preferences. Some of them choose to enter the information about the patient directly into a database, while others chose to dictate these data for later transcription. Apart from that, SOA can help this company to standardize only some elements of their IT infrastructure while allowing various hospitals and clinics select software. The main limitation is that this technology has not been widely adopted in healthcare setting. The main limitation of this model is that SOA have not been fully tested in medical institutions. The management of Peachtree Healthcare cannot guarantee that this technology will prove efficient. On the whole, the discussion of these issues shows that Peachtree Healthcare should adopt a Service-Oriented Architecture. As it has been said before, this framework will enable this organization to replace those parts of IT infrastructure that do not function properly.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Too Far Ahead of the IT Curve specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it has been shown in the case study, the management of Peachtree Healthcare feels insecure about the adoption of this technology because it has not been widely used in healthcare organizations. Yet, one should take into account that the adoption of SOA infrastructure is a gradual process. The company can replace some poor-functioning components of their IT systems with SOA-built services. Provided that these changes yield good results, the company can continue their adoption of SOA information system. Moreover, the developers of SOA information systems will be willing to suit the needs of Peachtree Healthcare. They will even agree on lower price for their services, because they also want to win the trust of healthcare institutions. Under such circumstances, Peachtree Healthcare can receive a high-quality product at a reasonable price. Overall, these examples show that the redesign of an IT system should be based on close analysis of organizational structure, its size, and major activities. Peachtree Healthcare would have to adopt a system that can allow the greatest degree of flexibility. Such a goal can be achieved by using a SOA-based information system. Admittedly, this strategy can be associated with some risks, but the same thing can be said about the so-called monolith systems. This organization should strive for the standardization that is based on the best practices, but the management must make sure that Peachtree Healthcare remains open to new ideas, models, and practices. This result can be ac hieved with the help of SOA infrastructure.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

The Use of Force and Wars on Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Use of Force and Wars on Terrorism - Essay Example The Charter’s Article 51 stipulates (Dinstein 2001, 161): â€Å"Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security.† Hence, a country can respond in self-defence or self-preservation against a terrorist assault, but not unless the Security Council has performed steps needed to uphold security, peace, and order. The immunity for self-defence stated in Article 51 is the single clear omission to the prohibition of Article 2(4). This Article, according to Dinstein (2001), presumes that international law currently necessitates at least the possibility of a forthcoming armed attack before a nation may react forcefully or violently against the political independence or territorial integrity of another nation. Nevertheless, even as the terrorists have perpetrate d an armed assault, the right to wield force against the attackers positioned in a state is anomalous except if the terrorist activities can be attributed to the state (Kittrich 2008). Hence, an important question is when can terrorism be attributed to the state where in it manoeuvres? Since an assault against terrorism breaches the host state’s territorial integrity, the terrorists’ armed assault should be ascribed to that particular state (Kittrich 2008). It would then be legally acceptable to wield force against the terrorists positioned in that state. This paper tries to address this primary question: Do terrorists’ acts constitute a violation of Article 2(4), which justifies wars on terrorism as an act of self-defence under the UN Charter? Use of Force against Terrorism The impact of the UN Charter on a state’s innate right to embark on traditional self-preservation has long been a point of contention. Nevertheless, nowadays, many think that the trad itional international law authority to self-protection is unchanged by the Charter’s Article 51 and that this natural right to self-preservation involves a right to defensive self-protection (Boethe 2003). Others claim that Article 51 in fact removed preventative self-defence as a lawful rationale for the exercise of armed or violent force, and, without an armed attack, a nation should restrict itself to mobilizations to defend against such an assault, even despite of clear assault mobilizations being carried out by another nation (Penna 1991). This Article reinforces the argument of those who claim that states sustain the traditional natural right to defensive self-protection. Threats of international terrorism currently take place in the form of anachronistic groups that embody majority of the features of a state: organisation, preparation, training, disposed forces, resources, and possible possession of weapons of mass destruction. Nevertheless, dissimilar from states, the se terrorist groups are headed by people who are ready to use suicide operations routinely and who show a complete disrespect to the authority of law and human life (Dinstein 2001). Certainly, the success of such assaults relies on a state unaware of how or when these assaults will subsequently take place. Hence, a state may legally respond on the supposition that, due to the constantly displayed unusual characteristic and operational strategies of particular transnational terrorist groups, an assault by such